Nepal's recently constructed international airports in Bhairahawa and Pokhara are facing significant challenges. Data from the Department of Customs reveals that these airports have handled negligible foreign trade due to a lack of international flight operations, contrasting sharply with the activity at Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu, which continues to be the primary gateway for imports and exports.
Specifically, Gautam Buddha International Airport in Bhairahawa recorded imports worth a mere Rs 4.605 million during the first nine months of the current fiscal year (mid-July to mid-April). The data further indicates a complete absence of exports from this airport during the same period. Pokhara International Airport’s record also shows no foreign trade activity at all. These figures starkly contrast with the expectations surrounding the investment in these new air transport hubs.
Meanwhile, Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu remains the dominant player in Nepal's air trade landscape. During the same nine-month period, imports worth Rs 157 billion were processed through Kathmandu, representing 10.55% of the country’s total imports, which were Rs 1.49 trillion. Exports via Tribhuvan amounted to Rs 26.58 billion, accounting for 11.93% of the total exports.
Total national exports reached Rs 229 billion by mid-April according to the Department of Customs. Data also highlights the significant role of the Birgunj customs point, which handles the largest share of foreign trade in Nepal. Birgunj processes 46.57% of total imports and 35.69% of total exports. Import values via Birgunj reached Rs 694 billion, while exports reached Rs 79.55 billion in the same timeframe.
These figures underscore the importance of efficient air cargo operations for fostering economic growth. The limited trade activity at the new airports raises questions about their utilization and the strategies needed to attract international flights and cargo to these locations. A strategic plan to expand air transport links and make them more trade friendly is vital for optimal operations, especially for the benefits of Nepali businesses and entrepreneurs.
For the Nepali diaspora, this situation has implications on multiple levels. Limited air connectivity can impede the movement of goods, affecting the ability of businesses to access global markets and export Nepali products. Furthermore, the underutilization of these modern airport facilities may pose challenges for Nepalis residing abroad regarding the potential of more route expansion and also the feasibility of easier travels during their visits home and vice versa.
